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''Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān'' ((アラビア語:حي بن يقظان) "''Alive, son of Awake''"; (ラテン語:Philosophus Autodidactus) "''The Self-Taught Philosopher''"; (英語:''The Improvement of Human Reason: Exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan'')), the first Arabic novel, was written by Ibn Tufail (also known as ''Aben Tofail'' or ''Ebn Tophail''), a Moorish philosopher and physician, in early 12th century Islamic Spain. The novel was itself named after an earlier Arabic allegorical tale and philosophical romance of the same name, written by Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in the early 11th century,〔sayyedHossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman (1996), ''History of Islamic Philosophy'', p. 315, Routledge, ISBN 0415131596.〕 though they had different stories.〔 Ibn Tufail's ''Hayy ibn Yaqdhan'' had a significant influence on Arabic literature, Persian literature, and European literature after it was translated in 1671 into Latin and then into several other European languages.〔 The work also had a "profound influence" on both classical Islamic philosophy and modern Western philosophy,〔 and became "one of the most important books that heralded the Scientific Revolution" and European Enlightenment.〔 The novel is also considered a precursor to the European ''bildungsroman'' genre. ==Plot summary== Ibn Tufail drew the name of the tale and most of its characters from an earlier work by Ibn Sina (Avicenna), but the plot was very different, and the book was a new and innovative work in its own right. Avicenna's story was essentially a thought experiment about the active intellect, personified by an elderly sage, instructing the narrator, who represents the human rational soul, about the nature of the universe. The plot of Ibn Tufail's more famous Arabic novel was inspired by Avicennism, Kalam, and Sufism,〔Lawrence I. Conrad (1996), ''The World of Ibn Tufayl: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Ḥayy Ibn Yaqẓān'', p. 17, Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004093001.〕 and was also intended as a thought experiment.〔Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman (1996), ''History of Islamic Philosophy'', p. 316, Routledge, ISBN 0415131596.〕 Ibn Tufail's novel tells the story of an autodidactic feral child, raised by a gazelle and living alone on a desert island in the Indian Ocean. After his gazelle mother passes away when he is still a child, he dissects her body and performs an autopsy in order to find out what happened to her. The discovery that her death was due to a loss of innate heat sets him "on a road of scientific inquiry" and self-discovery.〔Jon Mcginnis, ''Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources'', p. 284, Hackett Publishing Company, ISBN 0872208710.〕 Without contact with other human beings and solely by the exercise of his faculties, Hayy discovers ultimate truth through a systematic process of reasoned inquiry in seven phases of seven years each. Hayy ultimately comes into contact with civilization and religion when he meets a castaway named Absal. He determines that certain trappings of religion and civilization, namely imagery and dependence on material goods, are necessary for the multitude in order that they might have decent lives. However, he believes that imagery and material goods are distractions from the truth and ought to be abandoned by those whose reason recognizes that they are distractions. Ibn Tufail's book reflects one of the main concerns of Muslim philosophers, that of reconciling philosophy with revelation. At the same time, the narrative anticipates in some ways both ''Robinson Crusoe'' and ''Emile: or, On Education''. The story of ''Hayy Ibn Yaqzan'' is also similar to the later story of Mowgli in Rudyard Kipling's ''The Jungle Book''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hayy ibn Yaqdhan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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